Analyzing and Modeling the Spatial-Temporal Changes and the Impact of GLOTI Index on Precipitation in the Marmara Region of Türkiye

Precipitation is a particularly important part of the Earth’s hydrological cycle and, therefore, necessary variable for maintaining natural balance. This study investigated past, present, and future changes in precipitation Marmara region, examined effects global warming on this variable. The period was from 1960 to 2020, climate data 15 synoptic stations region were used purpose. To achieve objectives study, linear 6th order polynomial regression, ombrothermic hythergraph diagrams, geostatistical models, Mann-Kendall test, Pearson correlation, standard Z-scores, multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network models (MLP-ANN) model predict precipitation. results regression analysis showed that stations, 6 had an increasing trend, trendless pattern, 3 decreasing trend. In terms periodic analysis, main downward trend started 1964 continued until 1992, while upward 1992 2016. lack over six seven months year, stronger than temperature changes. addition, highest observed southeast coast Black Sea, lowest eastern parts region. Moreover, except Bilecik Kocaeli long-term at other significant. Among only Sar?yer positive correlation with during annual period. developed ANN accurate simulating predicting next years.